Cold Air Development - Cloud Structure In Satellite Images
by ZAMG and KNMI
- The satellite image shows in the initial stage a cyclonically curved Comma feature (see
Comma
) which is situated within the cold air mass behind a Cold Front; during the further development the Comma increases in size
until in the mature stage a synoptic scale spiral is reached.
- In general the cloud spiral in the IR and VIS images has a white and structured appearance indicating multi-level cloudiness
with embedded Cbs (see
Meteorological physical background
and
Weather events
).
- In the initial stage a southward continuation of the Comma Tail can be observed in the form of more or less continuous
cloud patches in the lower level cloudiness.
- The WV image is characterized by grey to white pixel values according to the appearance in the IR image. On the rear side of
the Comma structure the WV image is characterized by a sharp gradient and a black stripe indicating dry air.
- The RGB-airmassair mass image (meteosat 9) is characterized by white pixel values over the comma cloud according to the appearance in the IR
image. On the rear side of and over the Comma structure the RGB image is characterized by a sharp gradient and a red stripe indicating dry air
intrusion. Furthermore the strong baroclinic band can be recognised in the green colours along the warm side and blue/red along the cold side
of CAD.
- Especially in the initial stages of development the brightest grey shades can be observed within the Comma tail, which
is situated within the area of the left exit region of a jet streak (see
Front Intensification By Jet Crossing
).
05 March 2009/12.00 UTC Meteosat 9 Airmass RGB image
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05 March 2009/18.00 UTC Meteosat 9 Airmass RGB image
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The MSG-image for 05 March 2009 12.00 and 18.00 UTC shows the start of a Comma configuration just off the coast of Tunisia strongly coupled with the left exit region of a jet streak over Spain. The red stripe in the RGB image on and over the Comma is well developed. The coldest cloud tops can be found within the centre of a PVA maximum at 300 hPa, being connected with the left exit region of a jet streak.
06 March 2009/00.00 UTC - Meteosat 9 Airmass RGB image
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06 March 2009/06.00 UTC - Meteosat 9 Airmass RGB image
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In the last stage of the CAD (towards March 6 th 06 UTC) you can clearly see from the air mass images the strip of subtropical air in the south-eastern quadrant of the system, sliding into the system. On the other side one can see the reddish colour in the western part of the system as an indication of cold advection. This couplet of warm/cold advection is important for the growth of the comma into a system with increasing frontal characteristics (baroclinicity)
06 March 2009/12.00 UTC - Meteosat 9 HIRES image
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06 March 2009/12.00 UTC - Meteosat 9 IR10.8 image
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06 March 2009/12.00 UTC - Meteosat 9 WV0.6 image
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